大樹倒塌,其實只有一個理由,而通過理解樹木的生物反應有助於理解如何管理好香港常有因塌樹而導致人命傷忙財物損失的問題。 要簡單回答樹木倒塌的原因其實很簡單,就是因爲地心吸力。試問若沒這種物理現象,又何來塌樹呢? 然而,要理解為何好好的一顆大樹會忽然受不起恆常的物理現象,無聲無息的倒下,就要理解樹木的生物學,詳答如下: 樹木的生物學 樹木為一種生命體,隨著時間會發展成不同的生命階段 – 萌芽發育、傳宗接代、步入老年然後邁向天年。有生必有死,樹的生命週期通常亦不會超過一百年,尤其是在城市裡的環境一般都不太適合樹木的生長,在不斷累積的不利因素情況下,都不會容易命長。若有聽過樹木有上百百年之久,那都是小數極之有幸的例子,必須有良好的環境及基因條件,就像人瑞應當有一百二十幾歲,又試問是不是人人可以達之? 在樹木的生長過程裡,樹不但會越長越高,而且樹幹亦會長得越來越粗壯,在這個過程裡所不斷累積的高度及重量都必須反著地心吸力來增長,樹木每天都要跟地心吸力抗衡到底以達到快高長大目的、不斷增生、直到傳宗接代、享盡天年為止。 年紀老邁的樹木一般都不容易和地心吸力來作抗衡,這不僅是因為體重量及高度而已,最主要是因為他們的生理條件不及年輕時旺盛,能夠對環境周遭的改變而快速對應。在都市裡,樹木每天都要面對不同的挑戰,例如:環境因素(乾旱,水浸,颱風)、感染和侵擾(細菌或昆蟲)、人為干預(修枝)或其他原因(污染),老樹對這些的反應都不會比正值壯年的樹木生理反應來的快及修補即時。 而年紀較輕的樹,雖然因為代謝率較快使得復修能力較強,亦會因為那些上述不利條件的程度和影響時間的長短而埋下以後塌樹的原因。許許多多的塌樹事件都是因為長年累月的疤痕無法完全痊癒而導致支撐樹的根、幹、枝條的腐爛而倒塌。 樹木在都市環境裡所面對的挑戰 其實樹木在都市裡成長是一件一點都不容易的事情。 在都市裡,樹木都是栽種在樹坑裡,因此樹坑的大小已經決定了樹到底可以長多大,要超過樹坑的範圍的話就必須跟圍著樹坑的結構(混凝土、磚塊、樹格柵等)抗衡到底才能拼出一片生天。 當樹木不斷的快速成長,樹冠會不斷被推高,樹幹長得越來越粗壯的時候,基部(樹幹和泥土接觸的地方)難免會碰到樹坑而需要作出抗衡才能繼續成長。若基部夠強悍的話就會把樹坑的結構迫開,換到跟多的空間來成長,但一定是個細小不完整的空間,這對樹幹的對稱性構成影響,對日後樹幹的支撐能力會受到影響。又,如果基部無法迫開樹坑的話,則基部還是會以其他方式,例如,吞噬樹坑的結構來繼續成長。這不單對樹幹造成不對稱成長影響支撐,這些結構的腐朽、崩壞都會讓樹的支撐構成威脅。更不用說樹基的受損部分會引來細菌,昆蟲之威脅,嚴重影響樹木的生命,加速死亡、塌樹之威脅。 樹木管理所遇到的挑戰 在這裏想特別提到,管理老樹的一些難題及挑戰: 當我們決定要保留老樹的時候,我們就必須認清我們是在拉伸一顆樹的生物極限。保留老樹並沒有不妥,問題是,我們亦要做好保護市民生命財產的必要。保留老樹是對管理者的挑戰,樹的生理反應早就已經被人認識清楚,所以是如何做好保障公眾安全才是有關部門需要忙碌的工作。有人與否,樹還是會依照自己已被定好的生命計畫走完他的「樹(人)」生,要如何保障人命傷亡、財產損失才是當局要想好市區綠化要如何取得平衡的工作。 再者,大眾的期望亦必須有所照顧,畢竟綠化工作就是為市民提供一個舒適的市區環境讓人安居樂業。雙向而有建設性的溝通讓政府單位了解市民對綠化的期望及讓市民了解政府單位對護樹面對之難題是減少矛盾和誤會的有效辦法,讓綠化真正得到各方滿意的效果。 放眼將來,期望再沒有塌樹導致人命財產損失的意外! 英文版:http://royceto.com/why-trees-fall/
Why Trees Fall?
Gravity will be the short answer… The Long Answer Biology of Trees Trees are biological organisms, which means they will go through stages of life in establishing themselves, attaining maturity and after multiple years of reproduction, they die. This process can last for any number of years but usually within hundred in the case of trees in the city (and …
5 Tips for Better Thesis Presentation
Just came back from the final round of thesis presentation. It was a full day almost non-stop listening to students’ presentation on what they do and what to expect by the time they submit their reports few weeks from now. I like seminars like this that makes me feels like I am Ryu fighting his enemies in Street Fighter. So after …
Resources | MacLehose Trail | eBook
FOR MORE INFORMATION Thank you once again for purchasing my book, hope you enjoyed and start hiking already! Here’s beyond what the book already covered. Just in case, if you happened bumped into this page please refer to – MacLehose Trail for City Hikers in Hong Kong also available on Amazon Kindle VIDEOS, ROUTE &TIME Here are all the videos I made …
Thoughts on Urban Forest in Hong Kong
First Published on 20th October, 2014 @1825 We all know that Hong Kong is an International City famous for its majestic skyscrapers, robust public transportation system and no lack of places to shop for pleasure. With the city being prosper from concrete and steel, little did we, as Hong Kong people, paid attention to the “greens” in the city – …
Shrews in Shing Mun Country Park, Hong Kong
Considered very lucky, I spotted a Grey Shrew (Crocidura attenuata) when I was hiking in Shing Mun Country Park. The little fella was crossing the service road from one side of the woods to another, I then found her/him hiding under the foliage. What’s a Shrew? A shrew is a rodent/mole like mammal that is distinct on its own. They are …
MacLehose Trail Section 1 – High Island Reservoir
Panoramic view of Long Ke Wan Panoramic view of Tai Long Wan East Dam and West Dam of the High Island Reservoir and hexagonal volcanic rocks and columns Section 1 of the MacLehose Trail goes along the boundary of the High Island Reservoir which was built in 1978. The East Dam and the West Dam are wide enough for cars to pass …
MacLehose Trail Section 2 – Ham Tin Wan
A very nice view of Sharp Peak (468m) Plenty of camping location next to the beach Coastal line of Sai Kung, especially at Ham Tin Wan 📚Like this content? My book, MacLehose Trail for City Hikers, is now available in both paperback and Kindle in Amazon.com, order your copy today! Ham Tin Wan Bus no. 94 from Sai Kung Bus Terminus will …
看完《哪啊哪啊 ~ 神去村》後有感 - 我念森林系!
This post is in Chinese, is a Book Review + Flashbacks of my years studying Forestry. Seems that the Chinese words are not fitting too well to the skin, so I am making these “dummy text” to bluff the blog in displaying correctly on the cover page. Dummy Text Sed lacus odio, ultrices ac pellentesque quis, imperdiet malesuada odio. Donec …
MacLehose Trail Section 3 – The Hills
Hilly Landscape, hiking along five hills Seas of Three Fathoms Cove and Sai Kung Hoi Campsite at Cheung Sheung village Section 3 has the most hilly landscape of all 10 sections of the MacLehose Trail. This implies two things: 1) An extravagant scenery of hills and peaks and 2) Frequent descend and ascend along the trail. I started at Shui Long Wo …